Sentence examples for mutant conidia do from inspiring English sources
Based on the full spatial information of pathogens and immune cells as well as all possible interrelations between them, the presented analysis reveals that pksP mutant conidia do not only have an increased phagocytosis ratio as compared to wild-type conidia but also show a significantly increased aggregation behaviour.
Conidia do not seem to be involved in sexual reproduction, because crosses between two aconidial mutants resulted in a complete sexual cycle [ 38].
In addition, 'wet' conidia are much less likely to attach to adult midges in natural conditions and will quickly settle out onto less accessible surfaces [24], resulting in a substantial loss of conidia through sinking (>90%) [25], whereas 'dry' conidia do not sink after application [26].
Autoclave-killed conidia did not elicit a SiTf induction response from worker ants.
In the bioreactor conidia did not germinate at pH 3.5, therefore pH 4.0 was tested additionally.
As mentioned above, instead of pH 3.5 pH 4.0 was tested because fungal conidia did not germinate at pH 3.5.
In contrast to our results, Fontaine et al. did not observe an increased aggregation behaviour of the pksP mutant conidia.
Since resting pksP mutant conidia display an increased amount of ß1-3glucan exponed on the conidial surface, it is reasonable to assume that the accessibility of α1-3glucan on resting pksP mutant conidia is also higher than on wild-type conidia.
We found that on average 86% of the wild-type conidia appeared as isolated cells, whereas this fraction was only 62% for the pksP mutant conidia.
Indeed, the alb1 conidia stimulate neutrophils to release more reactive oxygen species than wild-type conidia [62] and these mutant conidia also undergo phagocytosis [67] and traffic to phagolysosomes more readily [68].
Initially, we inoculated the larvae with 1×106 dead color mutant conidia and 1×106 live wild type conidia per insect, as the dose of 1×106 live conidia per larva has been used in all other virulence experiments.
