p53 has been reported to be a tumor suppressor, and its mutant can cause chemoresistance in cancer cells.
Thus our findings demonstrate how one Cx43 mutant can cause increased disease burden over and above that caused by other Cx43 mutants.
The A mutant can cause a transition in the sex determination system, with or without change in heterogamety or just simple recruitment of A without any change in the sex determining system (Table 3).
Moreover, it is well known that a lack of N assimilates such as amino acids before the flowering period, as observed in the metabolic profile of the gln1.3 mutant, can cause ovule abortion [ 27].
Furthermore, it appears that ga- and br-synthesis mutants can cause cross-regulatory effects on the reciprocal hormone homeostasis levels [35], [36], [37].
REKs were engineered to express Cx43 or Cx43 mutants associated with ODDD to determine how only a subset of Cx43 mutants can cause skin disease.
Immune escape mutants can cause occult infection, which is defined by the presence of HBV DNA in the liver or blood despite a lack of detectable HBsAg.
A similar situation was observed for a polytope membrane protein, aquaporin-2, whose folding mutants can cause renal diabetes insipidus (Canfield et al. 1997; Morello and Bichet 2001).
To determine how select mutants can cause skin disease, various Cx43 constructs were expressed in REKs and assessed for their cellular localization, functional status, organotypic differentiation potential, transepithelial resistance, effect on endogenously expressed connexins and finally response to chemical injury.
Our results are in accordance with previous findings demonstrating that the inhibition of lysosome formation in dor, car, tsg101 and vps25 mutants can cause tumor growth and invasion in the fly (Moberg et al., 2005; Thompson et al., 2005; Vaccari and Bilder, 2005; Chi et al., 2010).
Consistent with this observation, Marklund and coworkers have shown that even small populations of misfolded mutant SOD1 can cause ALS [39].
