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If reduction of the β-isoprene results in a significantly more stable oxidized state of the molecule, it is possible that this is an adaptation to life in hypoxic conditions, which would be consistent with the observation that the wild type bacteria consume reduced amounts of oxygen relative to the mutant bacteria when entering hypoxia.
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That virulence factors other than lipid A structures of LPS are responsible for gastro-intestinal disease is seen in the protective effects of attenuated or mutant Gram-negative bacteria when used as live oral vaccines against pathogenic strains [ 133, 136- 138].
The evidence indicating a role for SPI-2-associated F-actin in stability of the vacuolar membrane came from experiments in which membranes enclosing wild-type but not ssaV mutant bacteria were destabilized when infected cells were treated with the actin-depolymerizing drugs cytochalasin D or latrunculin B (Méresse et al., 2001).
This mutant yield was 46-fold higher than recently reported for phage Mu-based random mutagenesis of a C. perfringens strain 13 derivative [15], which is consistent with previous reports comparing mutant yields for other bacteria when using EZ-Tn5 vs. phage Mu-based random mutagenesis approaches (www.epibio.com).
qRT-PCR showed that although there were no significant differences in the levels of ccpA or rofA transcripts when WT and mutant bacteria are compared during exponential growth, the level of rgg transcripts was greatly increased in the ΔdltA mutants of both strains (Table 3).
Consistent with earlier findings by Gonzalez et al. [ 43] demonstrating that the effect of OryR on bacterial swimming is only observed upon addition of macerated rice extract to the medium, WT and oryR − mutant bacteria swam to a similar extent when grown on control plates.
The researchers identified the mutated genes by chopping up the cyanobacterial genome and searching for pieces that would restore the normal rhythms when introduced into the mutant bacteria.
We say don't blame us when your system breeds mutant bacteria and you cannot control them!
The number of mutant bacteria was even lower the following day (when wild type bacteria had reached a plateau) and trkH bacteria were almost absent in the blood at day 7 (Figure 8C).
In contrast, the loss of flagella in flgE mutant bacteria results in lower total uptake by alveolar macrophages when compared to wild-type PA01 bacteria.
As expected with such a low dose, wild-type mice survived equally well when infected with wild-type or mutant bacteria.
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