Fluorescence microscopy revealed that the RNAPIII subunit Rpc53 GFP is mislocalized in both gpn2 -4 and gpn3 -1 mutant backgrounds, whereas the RNAPI subunit Rpa135 GFP appeared unaffected by either GPN mutation.
We also note that forced expression of per or cyc in ISCs is able to partially restore rhythmic divisions in their respective mutant backgrounds, whereas disruption of these genes in only ECs perturbs ISC rhythmic division.
However, RNAi knockdown of either Roc2 or Cul5 mRNA in a cul-2 mutant background caused complete sterility, whereas cul-2 mutants only display partial sterility.
For example, wild-type FOG-1 proliferationineranion in an fbf-1 fbf-2 mutant background (Thompson et al. 2005), whereas wild-type FOG-3 inhibits proliferation in the same background (Snow et al. 2013).
A null mutant background (delg613/Df 3R ro80b) is lethal during pupal stages, whereas a hypomorphic allele (delgtne) gives raise to viable but sterile adults [21].
The A114G mutational effect was greatly reduced in the D38E mutant background, from 225- to 15-fold, whereas the M112A effect was within 3-fold in both general base backgrounds.
Similar induction levels were obtained in Toll-9−/− mutant background (Figure 6A, C, E, for each experiment, P≥0.25), whereas, as expected, Diptericin induction was abolished in a relishE20 mutant (Figure 6C, E).
skn-1 expressed in only two ASI neurons in an otherwise skn-1 mutant background can promote the long lifespan under dietary restriction, whereas skn-1 expressed in the intestine contributes oxidative stress resistance and the increased longevity resulting from reduced insulin signaling [35], [69], [71].
It is also known that the effect of the Chs1 inhibitor (RO-09-3143) on wild-type cells is fungistatic, whereas it is fungicidal in a chs2 mutant background (Sudoh et al., 2000).
Like the lifespan risk ratios, the oxidative stress odds ratios demonstrate extensive heterogeneity among the wild lines: some lines showed better performance in the wild-type background (a positive odds ratio), whereas some lines showed better performance in the mutant background (a negative odds ratio).
