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We have shown that IDH1 WT WT, WT:mutant, and mutant:mutant dimers form in cells that express both mutant and WT forms of IDH1 (Fig. 1b).
Based on this, cancer cells that have heterozygous IDH1 or IDH2 mutations would be expected to contain a mixture of WT WT, WT:mutant, and mutant:mutant IDH1 or IDH2 dimers.
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The disrupted ORF was identified for each potential attenuated mutant, and mutants with distinct and unique mutated ORFs were analyzed individually for attenuation in mouse and CDCD pig models.
Here we analyze how dynamic interactions between strangling and non-strangling trees can shape the adaptive landscape for strangling mutants and mutant trees that have lost the ability to strangle.
Then we conducted loss of function studies utilizing dSno mutants and mutant clones paired with gain of function experiments employing Gal4 driven UAS.dSno.
Notably, the various exocyst mutants and mutant combinations reduce plant growth by differing, characteristic amounts (Additional file 1: Figure S1).
Reduced fertility was chosen as one of the diagnostic screen phenotypes because behavioral male sterility is a phenotype associated with many fru mutants and mutant combinations.
The mutant library included both insertion knockout mutants and mutants with downstream genes overexpressed if inserted into and replacing original promoters.
However, fitness contours are not fixed but a function of the resident traits and we only consider those that divide the trait space into potentially successful mutants and mutants which are not able to invade ('invasion boundaries').
The constitutive defense mutants were selected to include both dwarfed mutants and mutants with more wildtype morphology.
Mutants could be divided into three different groups: HL sensitive mutants, t-BOOH resistant mutants and mutants with no or only minor changes in tolerance (not shown).
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