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Mustard agents are mutagenic; data for cellular and laboratory animal assays are presented.
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Our mutagenic data from water-extracted ACE were consistent with that from DMSO-extracted ACE, which showed no mutagenic effect for A. camphorata; however, water-extracted ACE showed better antimutagenic effects on both mutagens than DMSO-extracted ACE.
Some mutagenic data are available on all 24 pesticides producing thyroid tumors.
Figures 1 and 2 show lognormal probability plots (Hattis and Burmaster 1994) of the statistical uncertainty distributions for the life stage:adult sensitivity ratios for the male and female combined discrete and continuous dosing data for mutagenic carcinogens.
Figures 1 and 2 show log-normal probability plots (Hattis and Burmaster 1994) of the statistical uncertainty distributions for the life stage/adult sensitivity ratios for the male and female combined discrete and continuous dosing data for mutagenic carcinogens.
For example, Ellinger-Ziegelbauer et al. (2005) compared gene expression data for four mutagenic and four nonmutagenic hepatic carcinogens after short-term exposure (≤2 weeks) in rats.
Key data for a mutagenic mode of action may be evidence that the carcinogen or a metabolite is DNA reactive and/or has the ability to bind to DNA.
For carcinogenic risks, as part of its revision of cancer risk assessment guidelines, the U.S. EPA has assembled and analyzed animal cancer bioassay data for exposures to mutagenic and putatively nonmutagenic chemicals over different periods of life.
The present results are based on early-life sensitivity data for only nine chemicals, of which only five were classified as mutagenic.
However, interpretation of the results with NER-null CHO clones was complicated by their greater background mutation frequencies, and these high denominator values offer an alternative explanation for an appearance of diminished mutagenic responses for Cr VI) when data were expressed as a fold of change.
This article summarizes the data supporting each key event in the MOA, as well as data that argue against a mutagenic MOA for Cr VI -induced intestinal tumors.
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