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Chatterjee, N., Lin, Y., Yotnda, P. & Wilson, J. H. Environmental stress induces trinucleotide repeat mutagenesis in human cells by Alt-nonhomologous end joining repair.
In the following sections, we analyze mature dinucleotide microsatellite mutagenesis in human cells to elucidate the mechanisms underlying their mutability.
Therefore, the study of a single DNA polymerase cannot be used to directly describe microsatellite mutagenesis in human cells.
For example, a number of surrogate assays have been developed to evaluate the risk of insertional mutagenesis in human HSCs following transplant.
To investigate the molecular mechanism of C8-dG-ABA mutagenesis in human cells, we have replicated a plasmid containing a single C8-dG-ABA in human embryonic kidney 293T (HEK293T) cells, which yielded 14% mutant progeny.
Consistently positive results have been found in all standard mutagenicity tests, 102) including a reverse mutation assay in Salmonella, HPRT mutagenesis in hamster V79 and CHO cells, 104) TK mutagenesis in human lymphoma cells, 105) and in vivo assays in transgenic animals.
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Insertional mutagenesis in humans has been proven to occur in patients who have received retroviral therapy for SCID-X1.
Therefore, germ-cell mutagenesis in humans can most adequately be represented by an in vivo mammalian germ-cell test system.
LINE-1 (L1) retrotransposons are a major source of endogenous mutagenesis in humans (Burns and Boeke, 2012; Levin and Moran, 2011).
Human DNA TE activity subsided over 37 million years ago [ 5]; as a result, DNA TEs no longer contribute significantly to the ongoing mutagenesis in humans.
Although DEB is the most potent mutagen, reports have suggested that it is not a significant factor in in vivo mutagenesis in humans (Bond et al. 1995).
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