Among the cropping systems, highest yield was obtained under the green manure-mustard system followed by the cluster bean mustard system.
The seed yield enhancement with the green manure mustard cropping system was 13.9% over the fallow-mustard system.
These parameters were similar between the pearl millet mustard system and fallow-mustard system, indicating that an additional pearl millet crop can be successfully grown without exhausting the soil organic carbon.
They are believed to include sarin, a clear liquid which attacks the nervous system, ricin, mustard gas and VX – described as "the deadliest nerve agent ever created".
To evaluate the effect of establishment methods on productivity, soil health and economics of mustard under various cropping systems, a field experiment was conducted for four years from 2009 2010 to 2012 2013 at the Directorate of Rapeseed-Mustard Research, Bharatpur, India.
Conventional tillage (CT), reduced tillage (RT), zero tillage (ZT), and permanent furrow irrigated raised beds (FIRB) treatments were evaluated for five mustard-based cropping systems, viz., fallow mustard, green manure mustard, brown manure mustard, cluster bean mustard, and pearl millet mustard, in split-plot design with three replications.
Results showed that reduced tillage combined with maize-cowpea intercropping (MT-M + C) followed by mustard residue retention had higher system productivity and net benefits, an increase of 200% and 230%, respectively over FP.
This regeneration system from stem mustard cotyledons was developed in our laboratory [ 40].
The transformation system for stem mustard established in our laboratory is based on a regeneration system from cotyledons with proximal hypocotyls.
The invasion of North American forests by Alliaria petiolata (Brassicaceae, garlic mustard) is an emerging model system for investigations of allelopathic effects on belowground processes (Rodgers et al. 2008 a ).
This result can also be applicable to cropping systems like maize – mustard, maize – barley/oat, subject to further evaluation and refinement under field conditions.
