A very interesting implication of in-host competition is that the costs of resistance must be frequency-dependent.
Such an advantage (i.e. some advantageous fitness components) must be frequency-dependent to stabilize the coexistence of asexual and sexual forms [ 3, 4].
Serving as the error detector within a PLL, the input signal to the BE filter must already be frequency-shifted or error-compensated as shown in Figure 4.
First of all, bursts must be time-frequency rectangular-shaped and should always span a multiple of two symbols in time and a multiple of a subchannel size in frequency (this is the so-called slot unit according to WiMAX terminology).
The temporal sampling frequency must be twice the maximum frequency shift υmax[12].
Then, the estimated components in each frequency must be aligned over all frequency bins so that the components of the same source are grouped.
For example, the probability of an AA female mating with an aa male must be p2 (the frequency of AA) times q2 (the frequency of aa).
This temporal sampling frequency must be twice the maximum Doppler frequency fmax as f rep ≥ 2 f max.
A 1000 hertz tone must be tripled in frequency to produce the same increase in pitch as that produced by quadrupling the frequency of a 2000 hertz tone.
Large frequency disturbances, particularly trips of large generation power plants, cause between the unbalance generation and demand that must be corrected by frequency control loops.
More importantly, MAI suppression must be independent of frequency offset.
