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ʿAbd Allāh ibn Saʿd ibn Abī Sarḥ, (died ad 656), governor of Upper (southern) Egypt for the Muslim caliphate during the reign of ʿUthmān (644 656) and the cofounder, with the future caliph Muʿāwiyah I, of the first Muslim navy, which seized Cyprus (647 649), Rhodes, and Cos (Dodecanese Islands) and defeated a Byzantine fleet off Alexandria in 652.
It wants to impose a pure Muslim caliphate on Nigeria.
Bin Laden lived to propel history backward to the reestablishment of a Muslim caliphate.
He called for a Muslim caliphate "not only in Syria, but in the whole world".
Al-Qaida wants a new Muslim caliphate to replace modern states.
Its aim of restoring the Sunni Muslim caliphate has drawn Sunni volunteers from across the region.
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Jos should never have survived, a microcosm of a nation in which 250 ethnic groups were squeezed together by British colonial authorities after Lord Frederick Lugard created "Nigeria" with the stroke of a pen, joining the Muslim caliphates of the north with the largely Christian kingdoms and chieftancies of the south.
In the book, I describe how a similar process led to the disintegration of the Muslim Caliphates in the eleventh century, the Spanish Empire in the seventeenth century, and the British Empire in the twentieth.
682 or 683 Medina, Saudi Arabia February 720 Aleppo, Syria ʿUmar II, in full ʿUmar ibn ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz (born 682/683, Medina, Arabia [now in Saudi Arabia] died February 720, near Aleppo, Syria) pious and respected caliph who attempted to preserve the integrity of the Muslim Umayyad caliphate (661 750) by emphasizing religion and a return to the original principles of the Islamic faith.
The Turks, or the future Ottomans, had become the dominant power in the Middle East and South Eastern Europe in part because of their extraordinary political and military organization, but mainly because of the exhaustion of the old neighboring empires, Christian Byzantium and Muslim Abbasid Caliphate.
The city was circular, as was the original Baghdad, and the choice of layout may have been intended as a challenge to the Sunni Muslim Abbasid Caliphate based in Baghdad.
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