The paths between such dense areas of the muscle are computed using central line.
Cross-sectional areas (cm) of the sum of all of these muscles were computed and the mean value for two consecutive images was computed for each patient.
The total cross-sectional muscle area [ A (fast muscle)] was computed after tracing the physical limits of interest of the section on the monitor, at a 200 × magnification.
An equivalent follower (FL), that generates IDP equal to that generated by muscle forces, was computed in each task.
RMS of sEMG for each participant (at 75%and5050% MVC) was normalized with respect to the RMS of sEMG corresponding to their MVC of the rested muscle and was computed using the following equation: (3) NRMS = RM S 75%, 50 50 % MVC RM S MVC.
In order to interrogate crossbridge status, muscle dynamic stiffness was computed, as described previously [ 53].
7 Percentage skeletal muscle (SMI%) was computed as (SMM/weight (kg) × 100), to determine relative sarcopenia, after calculation of SMM as above from DXA-derived ASM.
In addition to the measurement of power output, surface electromyography (EMG) was collected in four muscles (vastus medialis, rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, and biceps femoris), and neuromuscular efficiency (ratio between work production and muscle activity level) was computed during the five sprints.
The microvessel density (obtained by either Factor VIII or smooth muscle actin staining) was computed using a computerized image analysis system composed of a trichip RGB video-camera (Sony, Japan), installed on a light microscope (Zeiss, Germany) and attached to personal computer, equipped with a frame grabber.
Projected mammographic breast area was computed based on the pectoral muscle line and the skin-air boundary.
