The mean orbicularis oculi muscle thickness value was 2.2 ± 0.57 mm, and the mean orbital fat prolapse length was 3.7 ± 2.03 mm.
Regression model formulas for normal values of muscle thickness and muscle echo intensity.
Argyropoulou et al. [13] showed that normal pyloric dimensions increase with the gestational age and documented an even stronger correlation with body weight, providing normal values for muscle thickness, canal length and canal width from prematurity to full-term infants.
There were, however, high inter-correlations between individual muscle architecture values, especially for muscle thickness and fascicle length data sets.
Muscle thickness decreased from 2.51 cm (mean value, with maximum level 3.75 cm and minimum level 1.48 cm) to 2 cm (mean value, with maximum level 2.19 cm and minimum level 1.19 cm) We conclude that long term ICU hospitalization is associated with a gradual decline (0.03 cm/day) in muscular mass.
We did not compare thickness values of abdominal muscles other than those of the TrA, because on the APC the intersection points of the OI and of the TrA could not be measured simultaneously using the USM method.
Secondly, sensitivity and specificity and positive and negative predictive values (PPV, NPV) for muscle thickness and echo intensity were calculated based on a z-score cutoff of −2 for thickness parameters and +2 for echo intensity.
and one with 30 years of experience (M.I .. Measured values of orbicularis oculi muscle thickness and orbital fat prolapse length were presented as mean ± standard deviation and range.
In a study involving patients with spinal cord injury, three weeks of EMS increased the muscle thickness, as assessed with US, to near normal values [ 37].
For a z-score cutoff of −2 for muscle thickness and +2 for muscle echo intensity (corresponding to values found in 2.3% of healthy individuals), specificity was high, but sensitivity and PPV and NPV were low.
