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Future research is needed to understand the physiologic mechanisms that explain how Astym therapy increases muscular strength, the longevity of the observed increases in muscular strength, and to determine if Astym therapy will also result in acute changes in muscle power, functional abilities, and athletic performance.
Before surgery, hip pain (THA) or knee pain (TKA), lower-extremity muscle power, functional performance, and physical activity were assessed in a sample of 150 patients and used as independent variables to predict the outcome (dependent variable)—readiness for hospital discharge —for each type of surgery.
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Finally, this investigation is lacking in clinical data, including subjective and objective analyses such as bone mineral density, range of motion, muscle power, and functional score.
The 53 subjects with ACL injury included in the present study were from a cohort of 54 subjects with ACL injury, with and without surgical reconstruction, included in a cross-sectional study on muscle power and functional performance [ 18].
Data in the present study were collected at a mean of 3 years (SD 0.9, range 2-5 yeafterafter injury, and at the same time as the study on muscle power and functional performance [ 18], and are not part of the RCT protocol.
These studies show that systematic use of weight resistance devices has improved muscle strength and power, functional skills and muscle mass [ 1, 8– 13].
Reliance on deltoid muscle power to provide functional range of motion is the accepted rationale behind the use of reverse implants.
In fact, we have recently observed an effect of both ACE and ACTN3 genetic variants (individually or in combination) on muscle power gains and functional capacity in older Caucasian women in response to a high-speed power training [ 21].
Zech A, Steib S, Freiberger E, Pfeifer K. Functional muscle power testing in young, middle-aged, and community-dwelling nonfrail and prefrail older adults.
Functional muscle power will be assessed by the Timed Stair Climb Test [ 41].
The primary outcome measures will be changes in proximal femur and lumbar spine BMD and lower limb functional muscle power.
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