Interestingly, 12 of the 14 intervals that failed to direct bodywall muscle expression of the reporter gene were associated with genes known to be expressed in bodywall muscle.
Furthermore, muscle expression of several growth marker genes was clearly regulated in relation to swimming-enhanced growth.
Muscle gene expression includes the upregulation of Gst2, a gene with detoxification properties [30].
Muscle gene expression profiles of 68 Duroc pigs belonging to two groups (HIGH and LOW) with extreme phenotypes for lipid deposition and composition traits have been analysed.
The cross-sectional areas of muscle fibers, gene expression (MyoD, Myogenin, MuRF-1, and Atrogin-1), and protein expression (Akt, GSK3 β, FOXO3a, and mTOR) were assessed.
For example, adipose tissue gene expression has been found to show more differences between T2D and healthy control than muscle tissue gene expression.
In the tibialis anterior muscle, Myh2 gene expression was regulated with the same trend as in gastrocnemius/plantaris, whereas Myh4 and Myh7 did not show a significant regulation (Additional file 7).
However, none of the canonical pro-myogenic transcription factors (MYOD1, MYOG, MYF5, MYF6 and MEF2C) were linked to muscle structural gene expression modules.
Although IGF1 gene expression in muscle is sensitive to testosterone depletion or administration in men [18], [29], no sex difference in plasma IGF-1 levels or muscle IGF1 gene expression has been observed [10].
For both muscles together muscle contraction gene expression was increased more than decreased (total 9 vs. 3 genes).
