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Thus, it is possible that muscle echo intensity (EI), a gray-scale US measure of muscle quality, may be influenced by the angulation of muscle fascicles.
Picelli A, Bonetti P, Fontana C, Barausse M, Dambruoso F, Gajofatto F, Girardi P, Manca M, Gimigliano R, Smania N. Is spastic muscle echo intensity related to the response to botulinum toxin type A in patients with stroke?
Muscle echo intensity may increase due to an increase in fat and fibrous tissue [7].
Regression model formulas for normal values of muscle thickness and muscle echo intensity.
Table 5 Heckmatt Scale: visual grading scale to classify muscle echo intensity (Ref 17) Grade Ultrasound appearance Grade 1 Normal Grade 2 Increased muscle echo intensity with distinct bone echo Grade 3 Marked increased muscle echo intensity with a reduced bone echo Grade 4 Very strong muscle echo and complete loss of bone echo.
For a z-score cutoff of −2 for muscle thickness and +2 for muscle echo intensity (corresponding to values found in 2.3% of healthy individuals), specificity was high, but sensitivity and PPV and NPV were low.
Similar(49)
And they go their separate ways in Gandhara, a part of the Kushan Empire: represented here by a small relief (a stair riser) depicting maritime deities whose bulging muscles echo a Greek ideal, and an early stone carving of a Bodhisattva that even without its head is as imposing as it is otherworldly.
We also evaluated diagnostic accuracy of z-scores of muscle thickness, echo intensity and echo intensity standard deviation.
Diagnostic accuracy of muscle thickness, echo intensity and homogeneity (echo intensity standard deviation) as well as nerve cross-sectional area, thickness and vascularization were evaluated with the area under the curve of the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC AUC).
These findings in skeletal muscle are echoed by studies in mammalian cardiomyocytes.
Secondly, sensitivity and specificity and positive and negative predictive values (PPV, NPV) for muscle thickness and echo intensity were calculated based on a z-score cutoff of −2 for thickness parameters and +2 for echo intensity.
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