The hydrogel exhibits reversible volume changes in response to an electric current, which makes it a potential candidate for artificial muscle devices.
Although five of the top six publishers signed on, there was little indication that they would use some of the muscle the device displays.
Main Outcome Measure: Stability (test-retest) for a portable manual muscle testing device.
The results suggest reliable information can be obtained by lay raters using a portable manual muscle testing device if the examiners receive intensive training.
That portfolio company: Carlsbad, Calif.-based PowerDot, a 2.5-year-old maker of an app-based, smart muscle stimulation device that sends electrical pulses to contract tender soft tissue, helping runners and other athletes recover from their workouts.
Objective: To examine the stability (test-retest reliability) of strength measures in older adults obtained by nontherapist lay examiners by using a hand-held portable muscle testing device (Nicholas Manual Muscle Tester).
Li RC, Jasiewicz JM, Middleton J, Condie P, Barriskill A, Hebnes H, Purcell B. The development, validity, and reliability of a manual muscle testing device with integrated limb position sensors.
The SHAM group used a resistive inspiratory muscle training device (Pflex; Respironics Inc Murrysvillee, PA, USA) set on the largest opening.
Similarly, Kempf et al. (abstract 489) treated 167 patients with painful diabetic neuropathy with a high-frequency external muscle stimulation device, reporting reduction in a variety of symptoms, again without a control group to establish the validity of the response.
A muscle building device (Ipiranga, Academia Hard line) was used for the execution of the exercise, during which the subject remained seated with hands supported on the sides of the chair to promote greater stability during the movement.
