However, ADAM9 is not the most closely related paralogue of ADAMs 12 and 19, and no apparent phenotype in muscle development was observed in adam9 -/- mice, although a recent report showed that they eventually develop retinal degeneration [ 47].
The removal of neural inhibition and the corresponding increase in maximal muscle force and rate of force development observed following eccentric resistance training could be caused by a downregulation of such inhibitory pathways, possibly by central descending pathways [ 69].
A clear correspondence was also observed between muscle development and energy metabolism.
Furthermore, these genes may indirectly affect mandibular muscle development through motoneuronal inputs, as observed in muscle formation during metamorphosis [ 43].
Central nucleation is observed during muscle development and can also be a histological hallmark of muscle fiber regeneration following a bout of degeneration.
By using Cre transgenes with different temporal expression patterns during muscle development, our laboratory and others have observed that SRF may have different functions towards its known target genes according to the developmental stage of the skeletal muscle [10], [26].
Many of the detected proteins shared MF and BP GO terms identified in our arrays (for example, both enolase and nucleolin share the muscle development category), and overlapping changes were observed in binding (Figure 7A).
We observed that neither muscle development nor animal longevity was compromised in these transgenic animals.
These genes involved in muscle growth and Ca2+ signaling may be valuable candidates for changes observed in turkey skeletal muscle development.
