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Primary torsion dystonias (PTDs) are a group of disorders characterized by involuntary muscle contractions affecting 1 or more sites of the body, resulting in twisting and repetitive movements or abnormal postures.
In DYT1 the inheritance is autosomal dominant with the disease onset in childhood [ 7] and the most common clinical features include muscle contractions affecting the leg or arm, often progressing to generalized involvement with severe disability [ 8].
The dystonias are a heterogenous group of hyperkinetic movement disorders, characterized by involuntary sustained muscle contractions affecting one or more sites of the body, which lead to twisting and repetitive movements or abnormal postures of the affected body part.
The dystonias are a heterogenous group of hyperkinetic movement disorders, characterized by involuntary sustained muscle contractions affecting one or more sites of the body that lead to twisting and repetitive movements or abnormal postures of the affected body part.
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We analysed the resulting differentially expressed gene sets using Gene Ontology annotations to identify significant enrichment of genes associated with particular biological processes, showing that removal of mechanical stimuli from muscle contractions affected genes associated with development and differentiation, cytoskeletal architecture and cell signalling.
Therefore, this study examined whether or not the synchrony between cardiac systole and skeletal muscle contraction affects instantaneous blood pressure and cardiac afterload during intermittent evoked muscle contractions.
Thus, the cVEMP method may provide inaccurate information in patients with migraine and TTH because the degree of muscle contraction affects the cVEMP result and its interpretation.
This analysis suggests that similar genes involved in the UPS, mitochondria and muscle contraction affect muscle weakness in both elderly and in OPMD.
The T30s category is for athletes with conditions that cause increased muscle tone, involuntary muscle contractions or affect muscle co-ordination, such as cerebral palsy, brain injuries, stroke or multiple sclerosis.
Furthermore, hours of repetitive low-to-moderate intensity muscle contractions may affect the average cardiovascular load as well as the perceived physical exertion.
The genotypes with very low TH activity are at the edge of the DA cliff and, interestingly, these genotypes sometimes show a dystonia [ 38], involuntary muscle contractions that affect posture, brought about by low levels of extracellular DA that can be alleviated by levodopa.
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