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In addition to the fact that proximal bones and numerous muscles of the paired appendages of Latimeria and Neoceratodus have clear homologues in tetrapods, the absolute numbers of muscles in each appendage suggest that the muscle configuration of extant sarcopterygian fishes is, in fact, more similar to that of tetrapods than to that of any other extant fishes.
Biopsies from children operated on for vesicoureteric reflux were investigated using morphological and immunohistochemical methods to evaluate smooth muscle configuration, potential muscle dysplasia and connective tissue changes in that area.
Based on this evidence and on the strong evidence that the very simplified PECA muscle anatomy of Neoceratodus is a derived characteristic of dipnoans (see SI for details; see also in ref. 35), we propose that the characteristic muscle configuration of the tetrapod limbs arose through a series of stepwise changes from the last common ancestor (LCA) of extant osteichthyans to the LCA of tetrapods.
The stress is normally distributed medially and laterally from the point load of muscle configuration, vastus medialis and vastus lateralis, respectively.
It would also be important to provide more evidence that the organoids really regenerate at least partially the ordered branching seen in the lung- such that you could define a bronchioalveolar duct junction (BADJ) with the proper smooth muscle configuration.
Similar(55)
In the twenty-first century, the face is a database, a dynamic bank of information points — muscle configurations, childhood scars, barely perceptible flares of the nostril — that together speak to what you feel and who you are.
As explained in the main text, our hypotheses of homology between fin muscles in Latimeria and Neoceratodus (Tables S5 S6) are very straightforward because three out of the four fins studied have very similar muscle configurations.
Figure 6 Muscle configurations for tensile and torsional actuation.
A reversible 0.52% tensile contraction was obtained for this electrochemical muscle (in the configuration of Figure 3h) when a square-wave voltage of 1V was applied to lift a load that provided an 11 MPa stress (Figure 4c).
In this final configuration, muscle cells were aligned on either side of the notochord, as three rows of cells along the anterior two thirds of the length of the tail and as two rows at the distal end of the tail (Figure 2I).
A team of psychologists at Clark University in Worcester, Mass., showed that simply having people put their facial muscles in a configuration typical of a given emotion produced that feeling.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com