Sympathetic innervation exerts marked effects on vascular smooth muscle cells, including a short-term homeostatic (vasoconstrictor) and a direct trophic action promoting differentiation.
Mechanosensor-based targeting of membrane stiffness provokes 13 proteins involved in the differentiation of embryonic muscle cells, including galectin-1, annexin III, RhoGD I, and FAK phosphorylation (Grossi et al., 2011).
According to our previous organ culture study, chronic treatment with Y-27632 protects almost all functional integrities of both endothelial and smooth muscle cells, including excitatory agonist-induced contraction and ACh-induced relaxation (Huh et al. 2011).
Immunocytochemical analysis demonstrated that wild type rat MSCs express markers specific for stem cells, endothelial cells, and smooth muscle cells including Thy-1, c-Kit, von Willebrand Factor and α-smooth muscle actin.
Vitamin D receptors (VDR, mediating the genomic hormonal actions) are expressed in endothelial cells, cardiomyocytes and vascular smooth muscle cells, including those in the coronary arteries [4], [5].
PGC-1α activates mitochondrial-related gene expression in skeletal muscle cells, including ATP synthase and cytochrome c, which are important components of the electron transport chain, as well as SOD2 and GPx1, which are involved in ROS metabolism [6].
The strong association of HLH-1 binding sites upstream of genes known to be expressed in bodywall muscle cells, including many structural genes, suggests that HLH-1 acts as a transcriptional activator of these genes.
This process requires a crosstalk between immune and muscle cells, including secreted factors [ 23, 24].
NAADP mediated two-phase Ca 2+ release responses were observed in smooth muscle cells, including pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs).
(B ) M. occidentalis embryo electroporated with Moocci.Tbx6-r.b>GFP reporter construct, which recapitulates expression in tail muscle cells including B7.5 lineage cells (arrowheads).
