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In line with the EC phenotype, these cells do not express α-SMA, a smooth muscle cell marker (Fig. 2A).
Some elongated cells expressed the stellate cell or the vascular smooth muscle cell marker SMA (Fig. 2F).
We also stained wildtype and Creb1−/− lung sections at E17.5 for the smooth muscle cell marker, alpha smooth muscle actin (αSMA).
The increase in angiogenesis at the wounds after BM-PC injection was detected using laminin as a microvessel basement membrane marker and von wilebrand factor as an endothelial marker (Fig 6 D,E) and also using desmin as a smooth muscle cell marker (data not shown).
In the subsequent analysis we investigated the expression of (vascular) smooth muscle cell marker genes.
Purity of primary myotube cultures was assessed by immunocytochemical labelling of the muscle cell marker myogenin (green; Figure 1).
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b An immunohistochemical analysis revealed that the spindle cells were positive for smooth muscle cell markers such as alpha-smooth muscle actin (SMA).
At day 8, the ELCs expressed high levels of endothelial cell markers CD31 (67.7%), vWF (93.9%), and VEGF receptor 1 (94.9%), but no smooth muscle cell markers were detected.
Monocyte, dendritic cell, macrophage, endothelial cell, as well as smooth muscle cell markers were analyzed by real-time PCR, flow cytometry, and immunofluorescence staining.
On the other hand, reduction of endothelial genes was observed when endothelial cells were subjected to cyclic stretch alone, whereas smooth muscle cell markers were intensified; such variation in gene expression is pathologically regarded as inauguration of atherosclerosis (Cevallos et al. 2006).
The treatment with the combination EGF and FGF2, however, increased their proliferation rate and promoted the acquisition of a neuronal-like morphology accompanied by reorganization of neural cytoskeletal proteins βIII-tubulin and nestin, as well as upregulation of the pan neuronal marker βIII-tubulin and down regulation of the undifferentiated NC, glial and smooth muscle cell markers.
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