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A crude index of muscle activation is the change in surface EMG activity measured during a test MVC contraction before and after the intervention, with an increase in EMG activity being the summed expression of increased muscle activation caused by an increase in discharge rate of motor units and/or their spatial recruitment.
Since muscle activation is not easily apprehended by visual inspection, clinical observation alone does not provide a complete picture of gait coordination.
The results show that the three-dimensional strain distribution during muscle activation is completely different from the distribution during passive loading.
In addition, the information on pressure and the kinematics of the esophageal wall resulting from the coordination of muscle activation is provided, which may help relate clinical data from manometry and ultrasound images to the underlying esophageal motor function.
Cardiac muscle activation is regulated by the troponin complex, which confers Ca2+ sensitivity to the actomyosin (AM) crossbridge cycle responsible for force production [1].
Higher balancing-side muscle activation is correlated with decreased von Mises stress on the working-side ascending ramus, but increased stress in the mandibular corpus below the premolars (Fig. 3C).
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The amplitude of SCM and UT muscle activities increased with arm elevation, and this pattern of muscle activation was consistent with previous data [ 9].
Estimated fascicle shortening velocity was 0.08 Vmax and the level of muscle activation was 84.7% of maximum isometric torque.
The effects of ankle bracing on the levels and patterns of ankle muscle activation are not well understood.
No major differences in muscle activation pattern were found across different serve types, and bilateral differences in muscle activation were more pronounced in RA and EO than in IO and ES muscles.
Females tend to use the sternocleidomastoid muscle to a greater extent than males, whereas, higher cervical trapezius muscle activation was observed for males than females.
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