Our subjects were 4 7 weeks of age, prior to the early onset of presbycusis in these mice, which were also used in prior murine studies using GTTR [3], [26], [28], [44].
Murine studies using the twitcher mouse model for Krabbe disease preceded clinical therapies, and showed CNS and peripheral engraftment followed by significant remyelination [ 51].
Similar observations have been made in murine studies using anti-CD20, where marginal zone B cells, B1 cells and germinal centre B cells are more resistant to depletion [ 47- 49].
Murine studies using TNF-receptor knockout mice and TNF transgenic mice point to a primary role in the local proliferation of synovial fibroblasts rather than to tolerance impairment of lymphocytes or death of local joint cells [ 14, 15].
An interesting result was obtained from a murine peritonitis study using NPD1 and RvE1.
Data from longer term follow up studies have tracked engineered T cells for over a decade in patients and found no evidence of transformational effects (Recchia et al, 2006; Scholler et al, 2012) and in extensive pre-clinical modelling, there has only been a single report of T cell transformation in a murine T cell study using γRV (Heinrich et al, 2013).
We provide a reference range for all measurable ceramide species in normal human plasma and an example of the utility of the assay in providing biomarkers in an in vitro apoptotic cell death study using murine hematopoietic cells treated with daunorubicin.
In one study using murine induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, it was shown that the number of Nanog-positive ECCs that persisted during neurosphere differentiation in vitro correlated with teratoma formation of the transplanted neurospheres in vivo [3].
In the previous study using murine H-END cells, mature fibrils could not enter into cells but only adsorbed on to the plasma membrane, while protofibrils and native dimer were observed both intracellularly and on the membrane [31].
