While FAS is essential for deletion of autoreactive B cells in the germinal center in murine models, the role of FAS in human B cell selection and development of autoimmunity in patients carrying FAS mutation is unclear.
At least in murine models, the deletion of these two genes was not enough to cause attenuation, suggesting that S19 has lost some additional and essential, yet unknown, mechanism of virulence in mice.
However, compared to murine models, the guinea pig model is much more sensitive to pulmonary M.tb infection, thus representing a stringent animal model for further selection of promising vaccine candidates prior to their evaluation in humans [9].
In murine models, the superiority of intranasal vaccination is attributed to the elicitation of long-lasting respiratory airway luminal antigen-specific T cells, particularly cytotoxic, IFN-γ-producing CD8 T cells [12], [13].
Of the five pro-Th17 genes tested, only the TGFβ gene was not upregulated, but, unlike in murine models, the role of TGFβ in Th17 induction in humans is still a contentious issue [31].
Both host CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were enriched for IL-4 secretion capacity (Fig. 3c; Representative flow plot panel i gated on CD8+ T cells and ii gated on CD4+ T cells; summary iii and iv); as such, similar to our previous work in murine models, the adoptive transfer of highly purified rat CD4+ Th2.R cells resulted in the transfer of Th2 immunity to other host T cell populations.
Mortensen, L. J., Oberdorster, G., Pentland, A. P. & DeLouise, L. A. In vivo skin penetration of quantum dot nanopartiles in the murine model: The effect of UVR.
In our murine model, the concentrations of 32 and 70 mg/kg resulted in significant reductions of the number of bacilli and the pathology in the lung.
In this murine model the duration of the WHO MDR TB treatment could be reduced to 12 months instead of the recommended 18 24 months.
Next, we decided to evaluate in this murine model the antitumor activity of the combined treatment.
In a murine model, the cytokine IL-1 was shown to induce body weight loss [122].
