Abscess formation occurs frequently in murine models, whereas the avian response was dominated by granuloma formation.
Using the SS18b system anti-TB drugs and leads have been ranked and cell wall inhibitors shown to have no efficacy in murine models whereas the drugs bedaquiline and rifapentine performed exceptionally well (Zhang et al, 2012).
Interestingly, miR-10a expression is lower in Treg of nonobese diabetic mice (NOD), a spontaneous murine model of autoimmune diabetes, whereas miR-10a levels are higher in autoimmunity-resistant C57BL/6 mouse strain [ 22].
Th cells that coexpress IL-17 and IL-22 together with Th 2 cytokines contribute to the pathogenesis of human asthma and a murine model thereof [ 6], whereas IL-17 alone suppresses bronchial hypersensitivity in the effector phase of the disease.
Riley and colleagues have reported a hypervirulent phenotype for mce1 gene knock-outs in a murine model of TB [46], [47]; whereas a transposon mce1 mutant used by Sassetti and Rubin (2003) and also Joshi et al (2006) [38] had a growth defect in early infection in competition experiments.
We further observed that DKK1 diminished retinal vessel density and increased avascular area in an in vivo murine model of oxygen-induced retinopathy, whereas DKK2 showed opposite results.
Validations of these changes have been observed for KAT3A, KAT3B, HDAC7, and SIRT-1 in a murine model of SLE [ 27], whereas levels of KAT2B (PCAF) have been shown to be elevated in patients with SLE [ 28] (Table 1).
Zebrafish engraftment can also take as little as 2 3 days, whereas, in a murine model, primary tissue grafts can take weeks to months, if engraftment occurs at all.
Indeed, blocking HMBG1 with small interfering RNA in a murine model of liver fibrosis inhibited collagen production [ 133], whereas the injection of recombinant HMGB1 into mice could induce lung pathologies similar to that observed in cystic fibrosis [ 132].
CSE and endogenous H2S have also been implicated in atherogenesis: Overexpression of CSE exerted anti-atherosclerotic effects [45], whereas CSE knockout promoted disease progression in a murine model of diet-induced atherosclerosis [46].
