When similar mutations are introduced into a murine model, mice develop a generally fibrotic phenotype indicating that selective collagen turnover is necessary for proper maintenance of matrix [42].
To establish the endotoxemic murine model, mice (n = 3 for each group) were intraperitoneally injected with 15 mg/kg of E. coli-derived LPS (Calbiochem, San Diego, CA, USA) dissolved in sterile PBS; concentrations were adjusted for a total volume of 200 µL per injection.
In a murine model, mice injected with CXCL10-expressing tumor cells, CXCL10 prevented the formation of new tumors, and mediated the regression of existing ones [ 14].
The humanized murine models (mice carrying functioning human genes), generated by introduction of MHC, T-cell receptor (TCR), and costimulatory genes from humans into NOD/severe combined immunodeficiency disease (NOD/SCID) mice, constitute a great value for better understanding certain unexplored aspects of the human condition.
Similar to the Tg2576 murine model, PS1/APP mice showed extensive plaque staining [ 34, 35], but no significant difference in the retention of [C]PIB.
In a murine transgenic model, mice overexpressing SPD seemed to be protected against lung damage in oxidative stress [11].
Silva et al. [ 15] compared the bone matrix and mechanical properties of the femur in male SAMP6 mutant mice, a murine model of senile osteoporosis mice, to control SAMR1 mice, a senescence-resistant mutant mouse.
In murine models female mice generally are more resistant to the development of bacterial infection [ 40], however previous studies using this TKA model also have been single-sex studies [ 2, 38] and male and female differences are not known.
Other murine models include mice with a combined knock out of TP53 and the gene encoding p18INK4c, which results in the development of angiosarcomas as well as other cancers of soft tissue (Harvey et al., 1993; Zindy et al., 2003).
Our findings in the murine models of mice bearing congenic Neuro-2a tumours are consistent with clinical evidence underlining superior efficacy of the GvT reaction in limiting tumour growth after allogeneic BMT (Inoue et al, 2003; Li and Waller, 2004; Kanold et al, 2008).
For example, in a murine cervical carcinoma model, mice with established subcutaneous (s.c.) tumors treated with CpG ODNs injected at a distant site exhibited significant regression (P<0.05), and treated mice had a significant improvement in survival (P<0.001) compared with control mice (Baines and Celis, 2003).
