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Their search of published murine knockout studies and databases of gene trap embryonic stem cell lines revealed almost 200 cases in which the knockout of the gene might have disrupted miRNA expression.
To evaluate whether the genes involved in the formation of ectopic lymphoid structures could be detected by microarray analysis of whole synovial tissues, we performed an analysis focused on a selection of genes that are known to be involved in normal lymph node development from murine knockout studies.
Murine knockout studies reveal that only deletion of the gene encoding the 5-HT2C receptor (5-HT2CR, formerly denoted 5-HT1CR) produces insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes, with antecedent hyperphagia and obesity (Bonasera and Tecott, 2000; Nonogaki et al., 1998; Tecott et al., 1995).
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Murine transgenic knockout studies implicate PAR1 in a developmentally important role during embryogenesis, suggesting a role for thrombin-generating pathways or thrombin-responsive PARs in development.
We examined the phosphorylation/activation status of other platelet signaling proteins that have been shown to play a role in platelet spreading, e.g. p21-activated kinase (PAK) [13], or have been shown to be affected in murine FAK knockout studies, e.g. AKT [10].
Oocyte-specific genes and their role in folliculogenesis have been extensively studied in murine knockout models [ 59] but there is a relative paucity of information concerning GC-specific genes.
Knockout studies of the murine homolog, inhibitory of myogenic family (l-mfa), have shown that lack of l-mfa can lead to embryonic lethality and placental defects as well as skeletal patterning defects [ 26].
Only two, the tetraspanin CD9 on the egg and the immunoglobulin superfamily member IZUMO1 on the sperm, have been shown in gene knockout studies to be essential for murine sperm-egg interaction.
While our in vitro studies support a role of OCRL in ciliary function, the lack of phenotype in the murine knockout model can be interpreted in the context of the primary cilia and polarity dysfunction (71).
Intronic microRNAs have been proposed to complicate the design and interpretation of mouse knockout studies.
Mouse knockout studies support this role.
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