Therefore, a comprehensive study comparing the direct ex-vivo colonic cytokine protein profile with matched serum cytokine profile from the two forms of murine colitis was conducted in order to identify predictors of intestinal disease severity, specifically potential serum biomarkers of chronic intestinal inflammation.
As opposed to acute experimental colitis, which is mainly characterized by a Th1 immune response, chronic trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS -induced murine coliTNBS -induced accomurined by intestinal fibrosis, is driven predominantly by IL-17A-producolitis17 cells [ 25].
Another study reported that dysbiosis observed in murine models of colitis is associated with composition change of bacteria present in the oral cavity and in saliva (Said et al., 2014; Lucas López et al., 2017).
The C. rodentium induced murine colitis model is a very well characterized system to investigate host-microbial interactions, as well as the ensuing inflammatory response.
However, the role of TLR5 in the pathogenesis of human IBD and murine colitis has been reported in the literature.
The murine model of IBD, trinitrobenzen sulfonic acid (TNBS -induced coliTNBS -inducedrbated in TNFα transgenicolitis[ 9], and is amexacerbatedn tumor necrosin facTNFαreceptransgenickout mice [ 10].
Interestingly, the loss of the transcription factor T-bet, which regulates the innate immune system, influences bacterial populations in the murine gut in a way that they become colitogenic and this colitis is communicable to genetically intact hosts [37].
Discriminatory multivariate modeling of 23 cytokines plus chlorotyrosine and nitrotyrosine (protein adducts from reactive nitrogen species and hypochlorite) in serum and tissue from two murine models of colitis was performed to identify disease-associated biomarkers.
Elevated cytokines in both C. rodentium-induced colitis and Helicobacter-dependent colitis are also increased in colon tissue of chemically-induced murine colitis, as well as human IBD biopsies [29] [35].
To address whether differential serum biomarkers could be identified in murine models of colitis, immunological profiles from both chronic spontaneous and acute infectious colitis were compared and predictive serum biomarkers identified via multivariate modeling.
