Third, residual confounding from other sources is likely to influence the associations described, as multivariate adjustments were not pursued.
In the source enumeration problem, our model is a multivariate Gaussian random process with zero mean and covariance of the type shown in (62), where the number of active sources is unknown.
Septic tank setback was a common variable within all multivariate models, while agricultural sources were also significant, albeit to a lesser degree.
This means that sources are multivariate Gaussian a priori.
Fat intake from animal sources was significantly positively related to the risk of ovarian cancer (multivariate RRQ5 vs Q1=1.30, 95% CI: 1.02 1.66, Ptrend=0.03), but fat intake from plant sources was not (multivariate RRQ5 vs Q1=1.00, 95% CI: 0.79 1.27, Ptrend=0.96).
This is an attractive property if data from different sources are correlated because a biased statistical analysis may be avoided by using a multivariate approach [ 43].
In calculating ORs for the major sources of information on influenza vaccination, the reported sources were weighted by the reciprocal of the number of the sources (i.e., if a subject reported three sources in his/her answer, each source was weighted as 1/3 in the calculation) and a multivariate analysis was conducted to adjust the relationship of effects between the sources.
In order to separate multivariate sources from multivariate observations, a cost function for multivariate random variables is needed.
Relationships between algal metrics and both water quality (e.g., nutrients, ionic properties, physicochemical parameters) and landscape-scale stressor data (e.g., proportions watershed with agriculture and urban development, impoundment, pollution point-sources) were examined using multivariate analyses.
Interestingly, the multivariate analysis shows that trials where the financial funding source was not reported had an even lower probability of failure than industry associated trials (OR = 0.33).
