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Nutrient intakes were energy-adjusted using the multivariate residual method [ 20].
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Other methods of energy adjustment were also applied (residual method, multivariate nutrient density method, and energy partition method) yielding very similar results [23].
When we replaced the leptin concentration with that adjusted for BMI by the residual method in the multivariate analyses, the association between leptin concentration and mammographic density remained essentially unchanged.
Furthermore, because of the correlation (rsp = 0.56) between our main independent variable, leptin concentration, and BMI, we additionally performed our multivariate analyses with leptin concentration adjusted for BMI by the residual method [ 33].
For energy-adjustment, we used the nutrient residual method (energy-adjusted) and performed sensitivity analyses using the multivariate nutrient density method [ 32].
Adjustment for total energy intake used the residual method [ 17].
Acrylamide intake was energy adjusted using the residual method.
In [39,55], this strategy is called the residual method.
All intakes were energy-adjusted using the residual method [ 31].
We adjusted for energy intake by the residual method [ 25].
Nutrient levels were energy-adjusted using the residuals method (30).
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