Multivariate analyses with covariates such as age and gender were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) by the Cox proportional hazards model.
In the multivariate model including covariates such as eGFR and anti-hypertensive agents, the association of SBP with ba-PWV remained significant regardless of visceral adiposity (standardized β 0.224, p = 0.001 in low-V and standardized β 0.196, p = 0.004 in high-V).
Only in 5 studies did authors report estimates based on multivariate adjustment for important covariates, such as health behaviors, body mass index, lipid status, blood pressure, diabetes, psychological distress, sleeping hours, and work characteristics (13, 14, 59, 60, 64), and those studies were included in the maximally (multivariate-) adjusted analyses.
For the AAA association, there was limited phenotype data available, so multivariate regression models including other covariates such as blood pressure and lipid parameters was not possible.
The representation is subsequently used as an input for multivariate linear models accounting for nuisance covariates such as age and brain size difference using the SurfStat package that completely avoids the complexity of specifying design matrices.
Future work will focus on multivariate extensions and the inclusion of covariates such as environmental characteristics (either shared or non-shared), measured genotypes, and time-to-event.
In multivariate models, analyses were adjusted for covariates such as education, smoking and age, thought a priori to be potential confounders of the association between the exposure and outcomes of interest.
Although time to progression did significantly increase with increasing dose (P = 0.045), this effect was not apparent in a multivariate analysis that included dose and covariates such as estrogen receptor status, line of therapy, number of metastatic sites, performance status, and prior treatment.
The proposed approach was compared with a univariate predictor (ordinary kriging, OK), which uses only ECe data and a multivariate predictor (ordinary cokriging, COK) using more covariates such as some chemical properties of primary importance in salt affected soils (Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, SO42−, Cl− concentrations and pH).
Adjusting the proband multivariate proportional hazards (Cox) model for all covariates such as calendar year of diagnosis, age at diagnosis, socioeconomic factors, county of diagnosis, tumour histology and gender, resulted in very similar estimates but with somewhat wider confidence intervals.
