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However, in view of the numerous virulence factors produced by this pathogen [39], it is unlikely that a single component vaccine might protect against a multitude of virulence factors.
Though not investigated in his study, these strains in general carry a multitude of virulence genes on mobile genetic elements.
S. aureus is a challenging vaccine target due to complexity of its pathogenesis involving a multitude of virulence factors.
Although the reduction in virulence was modest, this can likely be attributed to the multitude of virulence factors involved in the pathogenesis of staphylococcal endocarditis.
B. pseudomallei is a versatile organism that is able to employ a multitude of virulence factors in order to survive in an intracellular niche.
All the members of the genus Shigella are pathogens restricted to infecting humans and exert their effects on the gastrointestinal mucosa via the production of a multitude of virulence factors, including enterotoxins and effector proteins [ 8, 9].
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Exactly how these host responses act in a coordinated fashion to clear infection, how a multitude of UPEC virulence factors act to promote infection, and how bacterial and host factors interact to determine disease outcome and susceptibility to recurrent UTI (rUTI) are poorly understood.
Although all the strains investigated in this study were able to induce all genes of the virulence genes cluster intracellularly, it is likely that there are a multitude of effects including differences in virulence gene expression, uptake of carbohydrates, membrane protein expression and flagellar biosynthesis, all of which contribute to the observed phenotypic properties.
Interestingly, although GEIs have been increasingly associated with the rise and distribution of virulence functions or antibiotic resistance genes, at the same time they appear to be implicated in a multitude of other adaptive traits, which collectively could be considered of 'environmental relevance'.
For purposes of virulence, indeed, the timing was excellent.
Mike Nichols's "Death of a Salesman" (2012): [Philip Seymour ] Hoffman[is] an eloquent package of virulence and vulnerability….
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com