Expected numbers were calculated by multiplying the person-years at risk with the national incidence rates stratified by sex, 5-year calendar period, and 5-year age group.
The cancers expected to occur were calculated by multiplying the person-years in the cohort by the geographically matched age-specific, sex-specific, and calendar year-specific cancer rates, obtained from the same cancer registries that performed the cohort linkages.
The expected number of cancer cases was calculated by multiplying the person-years for every calendar year, sex, and 5-year age group by the corresponding age-specific incidence rate in Sweden.
The expected number of cancers for each stratum was calculated by multiplying the person-years at risk in each stratum by the corresponding sex-, age- and calendar period-specific incidence rates for Scotland.
Standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) were calculated as the ratio of observed to expected deaths, with expected deaths being computed by multiplying the person-years in each sex-specific, age-specific, and 5-year calendar-period specific stratum by the national referencalendar-period specificn Yearstratumam (Coleman et al. 1986).
Expected numbers of all and cause-specific deaths were calculated by multiplying the person-years in each race-, 10-year-age-, and calendar period–specific stratum by the national reference rates for the entire cohort and stratified by driver versus nondriver.
Overall risk (predicted probability) of diabetes for each person was calculated by multiplying the individual's risk factor values by the corresponding regression coefficients, and summing the products (Odell et al. 1994).
The expected deaths were obtained by multiplying the corresponding person years with the age-gender-year and cause specific mortality rate of the Voiotia prefecture population.
The expected number of cases was calculated by multiplying the observed person-years by age in 5 year groups, gender, and calendar years-specific cancer incidence rates.
The expected number of cancers was calculated by multiplying the observed person-time by cancer incidence rates specific for age, sex, and calendar year.
