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Since this multiplier reflects the ratio of the change in total income earned by workers in all sectors of the economy to the change in earnings of workers directly engaged in the extraction of crude oil, what this is actually capturing is the relatively low share of labor earnings per unit of output in the extraction of crude oil, a stylized fact of the sector.
The growth reduction multiplier reflects the spatial proximity of each species to fertile soils.
The multiplier reflects the relative size of the average cost per claim in province i in relation to Nova Scotia in each year (Eq. 4).
Similar(56)
Because of the high reflectivity on both sides, any incident beam passing through the coating is multiply reflected inside the slab, each reflection being accompanied by the generation of a new ray going out of the slab.
Pg and Sg indicate prediected arrival times of P and S waves multiply reflected in the crust.
They exhibit strong sound attenuation at selective frequency bands due to the interference of multiply reflected waves.
For intermediate spacings, the metasurface's resonant modes are excited (compare Figs 2c and 3) and the strength of the metasurface excitation is controlled by the distance d that determines the interference of incident and (multiply) reflected waves on the metasurface.
The ultra-low reflectivity of CuO nanowire arrays come from the following reasons: 1. the array is so thick and dense that the light can be multiply reflected and absorbed while propagates deep into the interspace of the nanowires, leading to an excellent light trapping.
In the classical case, the multiply reflected waves would become randomized in phase.
As the ray passes through the paired flats, it is multiply reflected to produce multiple transmitted rays which are collected by the focusing lens and brought to point A' on the screen.
The observed interferometric patterns become strongly irregular and differ from the synthetic data for the multiply reflected S waves (Figs 6k and l), indicating that the 3-D heterogeneity deteriorates the focusing of these waves mainly propagating in the upper mantle.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com