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Exact(5)
Second, multiplicative scaling of mEPSC and mIPSC amplitudes was absent.
Because attention acts primarily through divisive normalization, its effects primarily take the form of a multiplicative scaling of tuning curves.
When attention is shifted toward or away from a stimulus in the receptive field of a neuron, it causes a multiplicative scaling of tuning curves for stimulus orientation, direction, or contrast [12] [15].
In the current version, attention modulates normalization by changing the slope of the contrast response function of the normalization (attention term was applied to the slope of the exponential function), but a multiplicative scaling of the normalization contrast function could explain the data virtually as well.
This is shown in Eqns (4) and (5): (4) (5) These models would thus argue for simple multiplicative scaling of responses by attention.
Similar(55)
An additional finding that was consistent across our data sets was the lack of multiplicative scaling for the enhanced synaptic inputs, even after the removal of the largest events [7].
Moreover, the increase in odds of all outcomes appears roughly similar (on a multiplicative scale) for each of the first three conditions added.
Therefore, we also tested whether the reason for the lack of multiplicative scaling was the presence of a few very large events that were scaled differently than the rest of the event population.
Consistent with our previous studies [17], [18], the DE-induced increase in mEPSC amplitude at this age followed the rules of "multiplicative scaling" (Fig. S1) with a scaling factor of 1.4 (Fig. 1B).
Measure of effect modification on the multiplicative scale: ratio of odds ratios = 3.1 (95% CI = 0.6 to 15.8; P = 0.18).
Therefore, we carried out additional analysis of the event amplitudes to determine the presence or absence of multiplicative scaling (see Methods).
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