Exact(11)
The multiplication error, is not considered in this paper.
where is the magnitude of the per-channel multiplication error projected onto ; see [5].
Since the bound is always verified for every, the upper bound can be computed by substituting in (16) by the standard deviation of the per-channel multiplication error.
The multiplication error and the addition error are bounded by the MRRE (assuming rounding mode = truncation) as given by (11) and (12): (11).
Hence, from (4) and (5) it can be seen that the per-channel multiplication error is strictly dependent on both the filter coefficients and the host signal.
The rationale for this behavior can be found in the inner working of DFT-RDM, which is essentially an RDM-like scheme for every DFT channel, and in the influence of a nonflat psd on the per-channel multiplication error.
Similar(49)
First, the majority of all multiplication errors can be classified as operand-related', i.e. they are multiples of one of the operands (e.g. 8 × 4 = 28) [ 10, 11, 13].
Integer bugs span a wide range of vulnerabilities, including type mismatching and multiplication errors.
It is very important to remark that while the WNR is usually defined as the ratio between the powers of the watermark signal and the attack noise, since in our framework the only impairment is the filtering, we will define the per-channel WNR as the ratio between the power of the watermark signal and that of the multiplication-error for each frequency channel: (8).
Noteworthy, the huge benefit of S LB is that no side information has to be communicated and no error multiplication due to erroneous side information occurs as it would with sSLM.
Although one can generate a number distribution mathematically from a volume or mass distribution, the accuracy of this transformation is questionable because of errors in assumed apparent geometries, the accuracy of the initial methods (e.g., error multiplication), as well as the sensitivity of the chosen method to low concentrations of smaller materials.
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