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This includes in particular an improved understanding of the macroscopic changes of the effective doping concentration based on identification of the individual microscopic defects, results from irradiation with a mix of different particle types as expected for the sLHC, and the observation of charge multiplication effects in heavily irradiated detectors at very high bias voltages.
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We just spend time speaking our opinions and this creates a multiplication effect of confusion and chaos".
Rather than fretting about a digital divide, researchers in developing countries stand to benefit from this digital multiplication effect.
"The multiplication effect with things like Twitter is incredible," said Ron Shevlin, senior analyst at the Aite Group in Boston.
The electric field in the multiplication layer is enhanced by the charge layer to ensure the multiplication effect occurs in the multiplication layer.
The trench depth can be varied in order to study the influence of the electric field on the charge multiplication effect in heavily irradiated samples.
This paper shows the simulation results of new p-type strip detectors with trench electrodes to enhance the charge multiplication effect in the irradiated detector.
Aircraft construction is also a research-intensive industry—a donor of innovative technological solutions to other industries, creating a multiplication effect for the whole national economy.
Secondly, under the current water consumption trend, comprehensive consideration of departmental water consumption, departmental water output efficiency and departmental water multiplication effect should be given to the industrial structure adjustment and optimization.
The investigation of these effects provides important indications on the ability of this modified electrode geometry to control and optimise the charge multiplication effect, in order to fully recover the collection efficiency of heavily irradiated microstrip detectors, at reasonable bias voltage compatible with the voltage feed limitation of the CERN SLHC experiments.
The results of this study show that the avalanche multiplication effect can be efficient in improving the radiation performance of Si detectors developed for the sLHC in a limited fluence range, which luckily covers the range expected in the upgraded LHC experiments.
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