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Many large, long-winged birds have multiple wing foci.
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The validation results show that the average thrust performance of optimized multiple wing sails was improved in all wind directions in comparison with the baseline multiple wing sails.
Loss of the mwh+Y chromosome in any of the wing-disk cells – in a multiple wing hairs homozygous background – leads to the formation of an mwh mosaic spot (clone) in the emerging wing.
Most grouse, for example, have two wing foci: one at the wingtip, the other between feathers P1 and S1.
Mutations in the genes more directly related to wing hair formation typically give a multiple wing hair phenotype and/or deformed and split wing hairs.
Furthermore, a high occurrence of multiple wing hairs was observed (Fig. 1E).
The dGIPC gain of function (GOF) phenotype was a strong multiple wing hair defect (see above).
Multiple wing hairs can also be generated by overexpressing core PCP proteins such as Fz.
Interestingly, a dominant enhancement was also observed with fy and mwh, two genes whose mutant phenotype are multiple wing hairs.
Stabilization of an actin pool is consistent with the multiple wing hair phenotype seen in the adult.
Nearly all nht z5946 hemizygous adults exhibited ectopic wing vein phenotypes and 10% exhibited multiple wing hair phenotypes.
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