A simple, sensitive and specific method using a cDNA macroarray to detect multiple viruses was devised.
Additional points are awarded when multiple viruses are eliminated at once, but no additional points are awarded for initiating chain reactions, in which the elimination of one set of objects triggers the elimination of another set.
Elevated titers of multiple viruses were detected in bees from colonies with CCD symptoms [18].
In addition, multiple viruses were detected in the pollen loads, although the percentage of pollen loads with multiple virus species was significantly less compared to the foragers.
It is important to remember that cross-sample contamination may be an additional mechanism by which multiple viruses are present in culture (see below).
Infections with multiple viruses were found in 20% (62/309): dual infections were identified in 18% of cases (55/309), triple infections in 2% (6/309), while in one case 4 different viruses were detected.
Multiple viruses were identified in 41 patients.
Multiple viruses were detected in 4.0% (28/708) specimens.
Multiple viruses were sequenced from three outbreaks from the present study.
