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Cocktails of mAbs and bispecific constructs can be used to simultaneously target multiple viral epitopes and to overcome issues of neutralization escape.
For efficient prevention of viral infections and cross protection, simultaneous targeting of multiple viral epitopes is a powerful strategy.
The ability of HIV to rapidly escape immune pressure would mandate the need for several TCRs specific for multiple viral epitopes.
Influenza-specific CD8+ T cells recognize multiple viral epitopes on target cells and antigen-presenting cells.
In turn this suggests that the generation of broader responses that target multiple viral epitopes may be critical to the development of effective protection against AIDS.
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We developed two computer-driven methods for improving epitope-driven HIV vaccines: the Epi-Assembler, which derives representative or "immunogenic consensus sequence" (ICS) epitopes from multiple viral variants, and VaccineCAD, which reduces junctional immunogenicity when epitopes are aligned in a string-of-beads format for insertion in a DNA expression vector.
Despite the frequent observation of masking of HIV-1 neutralization epitopes, its extent has not been previously systematically assessed either for multiple epitopes presented by individual viruses or for individual epitopes across multiple viral strains.
This strategy would allow the selection of beneficial peptides recognizing a variety of viral proteins and/or strains in association with multiple MHC class I alleles, excluding viral epitopes responsible for the deleterious immune responses.
The use of CTL epitopes, especially conserved ones shared by multiple viral strains, and identification of HLA class I (HLA-I) binding immunogenic peptides, might therefore be basis for a robust vaccine strategy against emerging influenza epidemics.
EBOV is able to evade innate and adaptive (both humoral and cellular) responses by encoding for multiple viral proteins that inhibit both type-I IFNs synthesis and response, by masking viral epitopes by glycosylation processes, by deregulating inflammatory response, by preventing DC maturation, thus resulting in a catastrophic failure of innate and adaptive immunity.
As well as targeting multiple HCV epitopes, an effective global vaccine will also need to target multiple viral genotypes [14].
More suggestions(15)
multiple viral particles
multiple viral variants
multiple viral pathogens
multiple viral strains
multiple viral vectors
multiple viral proteins
multiple viral antigens
multiple viral siRNAs
multiple viral channels
multiple viral families
multiple viral coinfections
multiple viral genotypes
multiple viral subtypes
multiple viral haplotypes
multiple viral species
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