Exact(1)
Multiple valve involvement was more commonly observed in native rather than prosthetic valves (21/118 cases [18%] vs 3/71 cases [4%], respectively; p = 0.007).
Similar(7)
Fourth, in patients with Burkholderia cepacia endocarditis, the mitral valve is known to be less frequently involved than the tricuspid valve; mitral valve involvement has been reported in only those patients who previously had prosthetic valve replacement or valve repair surgery [ 3- 5], and only 1 study reported aortic valve endocarditis without any predisposing factors [ 6].
All four heart valves can be involved in rheumatic carditis; however there is a marked predominance of mitral valve involvement.
Aortic valve was involved in six of the patients and two patients had concomitant mitral valve involvement.
Although there may be valve involvement in the acute stages, it usually requires several years before valve defects become manifest as the cause of heart malfunction.
Mitral valve involvement is usually symptomless initially but may lead to left ventricular failure with shortness of breath.
Rheumatic involvement of the tricuspid valve is not isolated and is usually associated with mitral and aortic valve involvement.
Tricuspid valve involvement is not uncommon [32], and is more often observed in middle-aged men.
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