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In frequency-division multiplexing (FDM), the available bandwidth of a communications channel is shared among multiple users by frequency translating, or modulating, each of the individual users onto a different carrier frequency.
Also, demonstrated experimentally is the transmission of TV-signal coded on the microwave signals located at 2.27 GHz and 4.54 GHz, its propagation over an optical link of 25.24 km, and finally its distribution to multiple users by using an antenna.
Using OFDM technique [8, 9], the available bandwidth can be shared among multiple users by assigning each user a different amount of bandwidth corresponding to the user demand and the scheduling policies.
In the so-called spatial division multiple access (SDMA), the use of multi-antenna arrays allows the base station (BS) to simultaneously transmit multiple data streams to multiple users by exploiting the new signal dimension [1, 2].
The influence of CFOs from multiple users in an OFDM-based uplink has been studied extensively in the context of OFDMA systems, where simultaneous access is granted to multiple users by individually assigning distinct sets of subcarriers to them [7 9].
The basic principle of NOMA is to serve multiple users by power domain multiplexing at transmitter and successive interference cancellation (SIC) at receiver, which can achieve the capacity region of the downlink addictive white Gaussian noise channel and significantly outperform the orthogonal multiple access (OMA) schemes [3].
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Real-time multi-user (or multi-party) video streaming refers to a scenario where multiple users, interconnected by a common communication network, perform real-time exchange of video streams [1, 2].
We can get the number of snaps sent to multiple users simply by dividing the total received count for that type of snap (141 million) by the average number of recipients (4), yielding 35.25 million sent multi-user-received snaps.
All systems developed for data exchange among multiple users depend – by nature – on data transmission.
The challenges for generating and receiving high-resolution images and high-definition videos caused by the interaction of multiple users are simplified by the use of cloudlet [6].
In order to partially decode interference and partially treat interference as noise, RS splits messages into common6 and private messages and relies on a superimposed transmission of common messages decoded by multiple users and private messages decoded by their corresponding users (and treated as noise by co-scheduled users).
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