This gene is implicated in multiple tumours, including prostate cancer.
Polymorphisms in CASP8 at 2q33.1 have been associated with the risk of developing cancer, specifically, the D302H variant (rs1045485) with breast cancer in the European population and the −652 6N ins/del promoter variant (rs3834129) with multiple tumours including colorectal cancer (CRC) in the Chinese population.
von Hippel Lindau (VHL) disease is an autosomal dominant syndrome associated with multiple tumours including retinal and central nervous system (CNS) haemangioblastoma, clear cell renal carcinoma (ccRCC) and phaeochromocytoma (PCC), which results from mutations in the VHL gene (reviewed in 1).
Birt-Hogg-Dube syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant disease that is characterised by cutaneous hair follicle tumours and multiple renal tumours including RCC and oncocytoma.
BRCA2 is associated with multiple primary tumours including breast, colorectal, ovarian and other cancers.
In contrast, it is specifically expressed in multiple solid tumours, including lung cancer, oesophageal and gastric cancer, urothelial carcinoma, or cerebral astrocytoma (Izumi et al, 2010).
Docetaxel is widely used for the treatment of multiple solid tumours, including cancers of the breast, lung, head and neck, stomach, and prostate.
Functional inactivation of VHL is the principal cause of both sporadic CCRCC and hereditary VHL disease, which is characterized by the development of multiple hypervascular tumours including CCRCC, establishing VHL as the 'gatekeeper' of the renal epithelium (Roberts & Ohh, 2008).
SEREX has been applied to multiple human tumours, including melanoma (Jager et al, 2000a), renal cell cancer (Scanlan et al, 1999), astrocytoma (Sahin et al, 1995), breast (Jager et al, 1999) and colon (Scanlan et al, 1998), identifying tumour antigens for each tumour type, indicating that a humoral response is elicited in the majority of cancer patients.
Exposure to ionising radiation is a well-established risk factor for multiple types of tumours, including malignant brain tumours.
However, little is currently known about the clinical significance of the coexpression pattern of multiple TAAs in solid tumours, including HCC.
