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Breast MRI could be indicated for screening in high-risk patients (i.e. BRCA mutations), in cases where multiple tumour foci are suspected, and for evaluation of the effects of neoadjuvant chemotherapy [2, 3].
For cases that contained multiple tumour foci, only the largest tumour focus was examined.
Region-targeted therapy treats a larger area of the prostate in the region of the tumour with the rationale that treating multiple tumour foci may give a greater certainty of cure while still preserving vital structures [34].
Comparison of the tumour load evaluated by bioluminescence and post-mortem visual inspection revealed good correlations (r=0.75) with regard to both the extent and distribution of tumour, despite the multiple tumour foci at variable depth in the peritoneal cavity.
Multiple tumour foci are commonly detected within prostates from patients with prostate cancer, and comparison of the genomic landscape in both inter-related and geographically distinct regions within prostates has revealed independent tumour origins in several studies (Svensson et al, 2011; Lindberg et al, 2013; Cooper et al, 2015).
Therefore using our cohort of cases with multiple tumour foci and matched benign samples, we found that hypermethylation at the HES5 promoter region was observed across tumour samples from all patients and in all spatially separated tumour foci from the same patient.
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However, a prostate harbouring cancer commonly contains multiple separate tumour foci, with the potential to aggravate tumour sampling.
The pattern and extent of tumour infiltration were classified as follows: macroscopic large confluent tumour mass (1+), multiple small tumour foci (2+) and scattered solitary tumour cells or a complete absence of residual tumour (3+).
Fewer well-defined tumour foci would be logistically easier to treat than multiple foci.
The TURP specimens examined in our previous study allowed three tumour foci to be sampled in the vast majority of cases, thus allowing Ki-67 assessment in multiple regions of tumour.
The demonstrated impairment of β-catenin/E-cadherin adhesion and its association with LN metastasis (Table 1) suggests that the inactivation of the E-cadherin/ β-catenin system through multiple mechanisms and the subsequent suppression of cell-cell adhesiveness may trigger the release of cancer cells from the primary tumour foci and confer invasive properties on the primary tumour mass.
More suggestions(15)
multiple tumour deposits
multiple tumour localisations
multiple tumour outcomes
multiple tumour samples
multiple tumour models
multiple projection foci
multiple tumour probes
multiple hypointense foci
multiple tumour implants
multiple hypodense foci
multiple tumour sites
multiple tumour sections
multiple tumour types
multiple tumour settings
multiple tumour clones
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