Sentence examples for multiple trophic pathways from inspiring English sources

Post [3] noted that, in his meta-analysis, discrimination did not vary significantly with organism body size, between species, functional groups or even habitats, but stressed that average discrimination factors can only be applied to entire food webs, with many multiple trophic pathways and species.

Multiple resource use is an important factor for community structure and dynamics, because it diversifies the trophic pathways and largely determines the amount of energy within food-webs [18], [19].

Soliveres, S. et al. Biodiversity at multiple trophic levels is needed for ecosystem multifunctionality.

The variability of δ13C and δ15N among and between trophic guilds provides evidence of the diversity of coexisting trophic levels and trophic pathways in a single habitat type.

Natural soil rhizosphere communities are more complex having multiple trophic levels such as parasitic phages and predatory protists and nematodes46.

Consequently these deserve as much attention in benthic ecosystem analyses as do trophic pathways.

They contain populations and communities of organisms at multiple trophic levels that interact with their environment and each other.

Habitats that were structurally dense also supported the most complex trophic interactions among predators and prey, whereas structurally sparse habitats had low interaction diversity and interaction evenness, with most energy flowing along few trophic pathways.

As bivalves mediate substantial energy fluxes between benthic and pelagic habitats16,17, a reduction of bivalve populations by crabs could lead to new trophic pathways dominated by pelagic energy flows and the proliferation of pelagic primary producers.

We measured responses to an anthropogenic boundary by species from multiple trophic levels, and incorporated measures of habitat suitability, and temporal variation, at multiple spatial scales.

Plant-plant interactions should be assessed not as isolated organisms in the environment but as a complex community of multiple trophic levels within which the soil microbiota is an important component2,3.