Although data are limited, there is emerging evidence that susceptibility loci can cross diagnostic boundaries and be associated with multiple traits, such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder [ 8].
Suitable plants for phytoremediation should possess multiple traits such as fast growth, high biomass production, easy harvest and high accumulation of a range of heavy metals in their harvestable parts [ 2].
Lasso for multiple-trait association mapping in Equation (3) is equivalent to solving a set of K independent regressions for each trait with its own L1 penalty, and does not provide a mechanism to combine information across multiple traits such that the estimates reflect the potential relatedness in the regression coefficients for those correlated traits that are influenced by common SNPs.
Yield is a complicated trait involving multiple component traits such as seedling vigor, photosynthetic rate, heading date and others; in turn, these traits are considered to be controlled by multiple genes.
The proposed methods leverage a dependency graph defined on multiple quantitative traits such as the graph for the asthma-related traits shown in Figure 1, assuming that such a graph structure is available from preprocessing steps or as prior knowledge from previous studies.
In the long run, multiple genetic traits, such as polymorphisms related to TCF7L2 (21– 24), FOXO1 (25), and WFS1 (26); potassium channels associated with sulfonylurea receptors (5); and many more aspects of β-cell mass and function, including parameters related to insulin resistance, may as a whole help predict the individual response to specific glucose-lowering treatments.
Multiple other ECG traits such as cardiac electrical/structural remodelling-Q wave, QRS/QT duration, bundle blocks, P wave duration/amplitude/dispersion, and other waveform angles and slopes appeared as potential predictors of strokes.
Many QTLs for multiple traits were identified, such as traits associated with agronomic characteristics (Huang et al. 2010; Zhao et al. 2011; Yang et al. 2014), and with responses to abiotic stresses (Famoso et al. 2011; Pan et al. 2015; Lv et al. 2016), and to biotic stresses (Jia et al. 2012; Wang et al. 2014; Kang et al. 2016; Wang et al. 2015).
Multiple QTLs underlying traits such as fungal disease resistance have been identified and serve as important sequencing targets [ 14- 24].
Combined information about multiple, independently evolving traits, such as morphology and structural and behavioural differences in calling song, provides greater resolution of the overall differences between these allopatric populations, and allows us to assess their stage of divergence.
The ZSB also exhibited multiple plant growth promoting (PGP) traits such as 1-aminocycloproparane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) utilization, exopolysaccharide (EPS) production, phosphate and potassium solubilization.
