Systemic-derived and brain-derived inflammatory mediators drive changes in the blood-brain barrier and help the influx of inflammatory cells and toxic mediators into the brain.
It is unlikely that single end point hormesis would be quantitatively useful for toxics expressing multiple toxic effects in multiple organs and through multiple mechanisms.
Cd is a potential carcinogenic agent and has multiple toxic effects in cadmium-associated diseases.
Not surprisingly, these therapies have multiple toxic side effects (reviewed in [ 2]).
Hormesis does not accommodate multiple toxic end points, target organs or mechanisms.
Can typical single end point hormesis accommodate multiple toxic end points, target organs, and toxicologic mechanisms?
Infiltration of hemoglobin creates a hostile environment that is rich in reactive oxygen species and other toxic materials, which induces the cellular response to these toxic mediators of cell death and apoptosis.
The ability of HVHF to remove toxic mediators is suggested when ultrafiltrate obtained from septic animals leads to hemodynamic disturbances or even death in healthy animals.
Effector mechanisms of activated macrophages and microglia include internalization of myelin and secretion of inflammatory and toxic mediators, which negatively influence axonal and myelin integrity [ 2- 7].
(9) When implanted or deposited after use, DET based biosensors or biofuel cells cannot release environmentally hazardous, potentially toxic mediators or their degradation products.
