We are reassured by the statistically significant and consistent effects even after a conservative correction for multiple testing, suggesting that the relatively small sample size was sufficient to identify a true pattern.
Furthermore, some of the identified categories were still significantly represented in the set of 103 genes even after the application of the Bonferroni correction for multiple testing, suggesting that the confidence for their over-representation is very strong (Table 2, see p-value with Bonferroni correction).
The consistent effects and statistical significance of effects after a conservative correction for multiple testing suggests the relatively small sample size was sufficient to identify a true effect.
One approach to multiple testing suggests using more stringent P-values to account for the larger number of comparisons being conducted, although this can cause more problems than it intends to solve and no correction for multiple comparisons was made in our study [ 64].
Initial analysis suggested space group P2221, but multiple tests suggested crystal twinning, and finally P21 was determined as the real space group.
None of these genes passed multiple testing correction suggesting that they may be false positives; however, qPCR analysis of hippocampal Slc17a6 expression in additional cohorts of mice confirmed the significant overall up-regulation of this gene in the ethanol-exposed group (Fig. 1a).
Interestingly, concomitant with transcriptional induction, our Illumina analysis revealed that β2-AR significantlyinhibitedthe inhibitexpressionressiof of two histone proteins (also four more histones were present at >2 fold, but these were removed via multiple testing correction), suggesting that β-AR stimulation promote the formation of euchromatin, thus enhancing transcription.
In particular, modulators of G-proteins (PANTHER Protein Class PC00022) were significantly enriched among the direct targets of MafB (Bonferroni correction for multiple testing, P = 0.0261), suggesting that impaired G-protein signaling might be linked to the defective sprouting morphogenesis of Mafb iΔEC ECs in vivo.
From those, 9 and 1 unigenes respectively presented evidence of elevated non-synonymous substitution rates on the branch leading to S. lycopersicum after correction for multiple testing (Table 2), suggesting these genes as possible targets of selection during domestication.
Adjusting for multiple testing, our results suggest that DNA-M modulates the risk of asthma related to genetic variants in the IL4R gene.
As the study by Smith and Karpicke suggests, multiple testing formats can enhance learning.
