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This is to transmit the k th user's P parallel substreams with mutual orthogonality and cope with the multiple substream interference (MSI).
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By employing the frequency modulated and multiplexed FSOK techniques to combat the multiuser and parallel substream interferences, respectively, the system retains a low-PAPR transmitted signal and a low-complexity equalizer without any matrix inversion.
A most simple way to segment data is a sequential segmentation, by which the original data is treated as a binary stream and is divided into multiple substreams in their original order, as illustrated by Figure9.
This is because greater channel change during the time interval caused larger inter-substream interference and prevented optimal resource allocation from being achieved.
As a result, a simple maximum ratio combining (MRC) detector or a spatial filter such as a minimum mean square error (MMSE) filter or zero-forcing (ZF) filter can detect the substreams without inter-substream interference, and the maximum channel capacity is obtained.
In realistic environments, however, due to dynamic nature of the channel and processing delay at both the TX and the receiver (RX), a channel transition may cause a severe loss of subchannel orthogonality, which results in large inter-substream interference.
multiple access interference.
The system also mitigates multiple access interference (MAI) among users.
Direct-sequence code division multiple access (DS/CDMA) systems transmitting over multipath channels suffer from intersymbol interference (ISI) and multiple access interference (MAI).
However, similar to DS-CDMA systems, the performances of MC-CDMAs system are restricted by interferences, including the multiple access interference (MAI) and the intercarrier interference (ICI).
This property can be effectively canceled multiple access interference by using balance detection schemes.
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