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In this study, none of the simulated in vitro (model) environments accurately reflect the protein profile within the lung – even the "multiple stress dormancy model" [59].
The new in vitro multiple stress dormancy model efficiently generates Mtb cells meeting all criteria of dormancy, and this method is adaptable to high-throughput screening for drugs that can kill dormant Mtb.
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This is the first report of an in vitro multiple-stress dormancy model for Mtb that manifests all features characteristic of in vivo dormancy and implicate a critical link between storage lipid accumulation and drug-tolerance.
We developed a novel in vitro multiple-stress dormancy model for Mtb by applying combined stresses of low oxygen (5%), high CO2 (10%), low nutrient (10% Dubos medium) and acidic pH (5.0), conditions Mtb is thought to encounter in the host.
One such strategy is provided by σB or the structural protein RelA and consists of coordinating a stringent response that can "lead to a vegetative dormancy characterized by drastically reduced anabolic reactions and a prospective protection by a multiple stress resistance machine directed mainly by different sets of TF," as described by Hecker and colleagues [ 68].
She had multiple stress fractures, a knee injury and shin splints.
Multiple stress systems regulate action selection.
A genome-scale dataset was constructed by analyzing published data of: (1) global gene expression studies under conditions which simulate intra-macrophage stress, dormancy, persistence and/or reactivation; (2) cellular and humoral immunity, and vaccine potential.
"The workers have been through multiple stresses," Dr Shigemura says.
The appearance of the lipid loaded Mtb cells from the multiple-stress in vitro model of dormancy was very similar to that of the dormant Mtb cells from human patients [35].
Development of a higher frequency of Rif-resistance against a higher concentration of the drug indicates the development of true dormancy of Mtb under multiple-stress.
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